March 25, 2005

Prolonged thumb sucking, pacifier use can cause dental problems

By Douglas W. Vierra, D.D.S
Special to the Times

Like many parents, you may be concerned about your child’s thumb sucking, finger sucking or pacifier use. You may wonder if it is harmful, at what age it should stop or what could happen if your child does not stop.

Sucking is one of a baby’s natural reflexes. As newborns get older, sucking serves many purposes. It makes them feel secure and happy and helps them learn about their world. Since a sucking habit is relaxing to a child, it also may help induce sleep. For this reason young children often suck when they are tired. However, prolonged sucking can have adverse effects on children’s dental health and parents need to be aware of when and how to break a young child of their habit.

Most children stop on their own between the ages of 2 and 4 years. Their sucking habit gradually reduces during this period. If a child does not stop on his or her own, the habit should be discouraged after age 4.

Actual dental problems may not occur until the permanent teeth come in (beginning about age 6), and may include problems with growth of the mouth and alignment of the teeth. Consult your dentist if you notice changes in the alignment of your child’s teeth or are having difficulty alleviating your child’s sucking habit after age 6.

There are several approaches to help break a child of a sucking habit. Excessive pressure can do more harm than good. Instead of scolding your child for sucking, offer praise for not sucking. Remember children often suck their thumbs when feeling insecure or seeking comfort.

Focus on correcting the cause of the anxiety and comfort your child. Reward your child when he or she avoids sucking during difficult periods, such as being separated from you. Your child’s dentist can encourage children to stop sucking and explain what could happen to their teeth if they don’t stop.

If these approaches do not work, remind your child of the habit by bandaging the thumb or putting a sock over the hand at night. If the sucking persists, talk to your child’s dentist or pediatrician. The use of a mouth appliance may be prescribed to prevent the sucking.

Remember, sucking is one of a baby’s natural reflexes. Dental problems don’t generally develop until a child’s permanent teeth come in—usually age 6. So work with your child between the ages of 2 through 4 to help gradually break the habit and avoid potential problems.

Douglas W. Vierra, D.D.S., is owner dentist of Plaza Dental Group, located at 1654 E. Capitol Expressway in San Jose, phone (408) 270-4333.